How to Write a Method Section of an APA Paper

How to Write a Method Section of an APA Paper Student Resources APA Style and Writing Print How to Write the Method Section of an APA Format Psychology Paper By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on November 13, 2019 Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers The method section of an  APA format  psychology paper provides the methods and procedures used in a research study or experiment. This part of an APA paper is critical because it allows other researchers to see exactly how you conducted your research. This allows other researchers to reproduce your experiment if they want and to assess alternative methods that might produce differing results. So what exactly do you need to include when writing your method section? You should provide detailed information on the research design, participants, equipment, materials, variables, and actions taken by the participants. The method section should provide enough information to allow other researchers to replicate your experiment or study. Overview The method section should utilize subheadings to divide up different subsections. These subsections typically include: Participants, Materials, Design, and Procedure.?? Participants   In this part of the method section, you should describe the participants in your experiment including who they were, how many there were, and how they were selected. Include details about how your participants were chosen, who they were, and any unique features that may set them apart from the general population.?? If you utilized random selection to choose your participants, it should be noted here. For example: We randomly selected 100 children from elementary schools near the University of Arizona. At the very minimum, this part of your method section must convey who was in your study, the population from which your participants were drawn, and any restrictions on your pool of participants. For example, if your study consists of female college students from a small private college in the mid-West, you should note this in this part of your method section. This part of your method section should also explain how many participants were in your study, how many were assigned to each condition, and basic characteristics of your participants such as sex, age, ethnicity, or religion. In this subsection, it is also important to explain why your participants took part in your research.?? Was your study advertised at a college or hospital? Did participants receive some type of incentive to take part in your research? Be sure to explain how participants were assigned to each group. Were they randomly assigned to a condition or was some other selection method used? Information on participants helps other researchers understand how your study was performed, how generalizable the result might be, and allows other researchers to replicate your results with other populations to see if they might obtain the same results. Materials Describe the materials, measures, equipment, or stimuli used in the experiment.?? This may include testing instruments, technical equipment, books, images, or other materials used in the course of research. If you used some type of psychological assessment or special equipment during the course of your experiment, it should be noted in this part of your method section. For example: Two stories from Sullivan et al.s (1994) second-order false belief attribution tasks were used to assess childrens understanding of second-order beliefs. For standard and expected equipment such as computer screens, television screens, videos, keyboards, and radios, you can simply name the device and not provide further explanation. So if you used a computer to administer a psychological assessment, you would need to name the specific assessment you used, but you could simply state that you used a computer to administer the test rather than listing the brand and technical specifications of the device. Specialized equipment, especially if it is something that is complex or created for a niche purpose, should be given greater detail. In some instances, such as if you created a special material or apparatus for your study, you may need to provide and illustration of the item that can be included in your appendix and then referred to in your method section. Design Describe the type of design used in the experiment. Specify the variables as well as the levels of these variables. Clearly identify your independent variables, dependent variables, control variables, and any extraneous variables that might influence your results.?? Explain whether your experiment uses a  within-groups  or between-groups design. For example: The experiment used a 3x2 between-subjects design. The  independent variables were age and understanding of second-order beliefs. Procedure The next part of your method section should detail the procedures used in your experiment. Explain what you had participants do, how you collected data and the order in which steps occurred.?? For example: An examiner interviewed children individually at their school in one session that lasted 20 minutes on average. The examiner explained to each child that he or she would be told two short stories and that some questions would be asked after each story. All sessions were videotaped so the data could later be coded. Keep this subsection concise yet detailed. Explain what you did and how you did it, but do not overwhelm your readers with too much information. Things to Remember When Writing a  Method Section Always write the method section in the past tense.??Provide enough detail that another researcher could replicate your experiment, but focus on brevity. Avoid unnecessary detail that is not relevant to the outcome of the experiment.Remember to use  proper APA format.?? As you are writing your method section, keep a style guide published by the  American Psychological Association  on hand, such as the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.Take a rough draft of your method section to your universitys writing lab for additional assistance.Proofread your paper for typos, grammar problems, and spelling errors. Do not just rely on computer spell checkers. Always read through each section of your paper for agreement with other sections. If you mention steps and procedures in the method section, these elements should also be present in the results and discussion sections. A Word From Verywell The method section is one of the most important components of your APA format paper. The goal of your paper should be to clearly detail what you did in your experiment. Provide enough detail that another researcher could replicate your study if he or she wanted. Finally, if you are writing your paper for a class or for a specific publication, be sure to keep in mind any specific instructions provided by your instructor or by the journal editor. Your instructor may have certain requirements that you need to follow while writing your method section.

Feminist Criticism By Lois Tyson - 2072 Words

It is difficult to imagine living in a world without the patriarchal roles that are present in society and have been throughout history. In the article â€Å"Feminist Criticism,† by Lois Tyson, the idea of feminism and how society has affected feminism is the focus. These ideas are seen because men have more of a voice in nearly everything and the oppression of women is very common; a society set up like this can be described with the term patriarchy which is â€Å"any culture that privileges men by promoting traditional gender roles,† where men are cast as â€Å"rational, strong, protective, and decisive,† and women are cast â€Å"as emotional, weak, nurturing, and submissive† (Tyson, 1). This thought that men are strong and women weak is not uncommon in†¦show more content†¦Daisy Miller is breaking these social norms by constantly associating with different men, drawing the attention of many others and Connie expresses her sexuality by abandonin g her friends to spend time with a boy in his car; this ultimately leads to society’s metaphorical murder of these women. Daisy is an American teen who is traveling Europe and spends lots of time with men in an 1800s European society that frowns upon these actions and ultimately punishes her for them. Winterbourne is a man who is infatuated with Daisy due to her beauty and although he knows it isn’t proper to interact with Daisy without a chaperone present, he talks to her anyways and â€Å"was ceasing to be embarrassed, for he had begun to perceive that she was not in the least embarrassed herself. There had not been the slightest alteration in her charming complexion; she was evidently neither offended neither fluttered† (James, 6). The first time that Winterbourne has a conversation with Daisy he had expected it to be under the supervision of another person. Because Daisy is not used to having to do this she isn’t phased and continues the conversation with Winterbourne. This doesn’t make Winterbourne mad, but instead makes him more attracted to Daisy. As he talks to Daisy he doesn’t have to think of any problems it could cause for himShow MoreRelated`` The Yellow Wallpaper `` And Feminist Criticism1235 Words   |  5 Pagesto patriarchy and gender roles, and the underlying concept of women being inferior due to these maladies, is not a foreign or new concept. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, â€Å"A Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and â€Å"Feminist Criticism† by Lois Tyson all discuss the inferiority of women as a result of patriarchy and gender roles, and how women can break the patriarchy to discover their own truths. Society’s patriarchal views and gender roles construct the idea that women’s role inRead MoreFeminist Criticism In August Wilsons Fences732 Words   |  3 Pagesacted in a rather arrogant manner, which contributed to the strong sense of patriarchy that was present in the Maxson household at times. Contrary to this, Wilson included scenes in which Rose showed superiority over her husband. Applying feminist literary criticism to these specific scenes can allow the reader or viewer to analyze the different ways in which Rose portrays feminine authority in her household. Although Troy displays overarching patriarchy within the Maxson household in Fences, RoseRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1724 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the â€Å"Guys†: A Feminist Reading of Lord of the Flies CRASH! A plane crashes full of people near an island. The plane is full of grown-ups and children ¾young boys to be exact. Surprisingly, all the grown-ups die and only the young boys survive and discover themselves on an island, in a jungle. Their survival lies only in their young, inexperienced hands. The boys form a society, an all male society. No need for girls right? WRONG! Many might think that a feminist critic would have little ifRead MoreThe Feminist Theory Of Mary Astell s Piece From The Norton Anthology Of English Literature1434 Words   |  6 Pages Mary Astell was a feminist theorist, insists women are guided by reason in society. She believes that women should look to themselves or to God, not to men, for the hope of a better life (The Norton Anthology 2421). (Tyson 1). In Mary Astell’s piece from The Norton Anthology of English Literature,â€Å"From Some Reflections upon Marriage†, she argues the ideas of a feminist approach on marriage through an honest depiction of male motivations, irony in marriage, and lack of education of women. OverallRead MoreFeminist Criticism of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper1216 Words   |  5 Pages Charlotte Perkins Gilman is known as the first American writer who has feminist approach. Gilman criticises inequality between male and female during her life, hence it is mostly possible to see the traces of feminist approach in her works. She deals with the struggles and obstacles which women face in patriarchal society. Moreover, Gilman argues that m arriages cause the subordination of women, because male is active, whereas female plays a domestic role in the marriage. Gilman also arguesRead MorePatriarchy In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper932 Words   |  4 Pagesonly way for womankind to be liberated by truth is to break the patriarchy. In â€Å"Feminist Criticism†, author Lois Tyson makes similar notions about such patriarchal forces. She writes that â€Å"patriarchy continually exerts forces that undermine women’s self-confidence and assertiveness, then points to the absence of these qualities as proof that women are naturally, and therefore correctly, self-effacing and submissive† (Tyson). Patriarchy enforces the idea that women are submissive by undermining theirRead MoreLinda Patan Poem the Marks2115 Words   |  9 PagesTuohy 1 Mikki Tuohy ENG 390 Dr. Buttram December 12, 2008 Grading Feminist Theory The poem â€Å"Marks† by Linda Pastan is a short piece that focuses on a housewife’s duties being graded by her family as if it were her homework. The wife is graded by her husband, son and daughter using different three grading systems, each time being told that she could do better, but ends by saying that the family should â€Å"Wait ‘til they learn / I’m dropping out† (10-11). In an interview on â€Å"The Newshour with JimRead MoreEssay about A Sorrowful Woman by Gail Godwin958 Words   |  4 Pagessignificant and thus can be repressed. It is why a feminist perspective or criticism comes into place, especially in literature. By definition, a feminist criticism consist of scrutinizing â€Å"the ways in which literature reinforces the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women.† (Tyson) In Gail Godwins’s A Sorrowful Woman, the leading female character is concentrated in her efforts in distancing from her struc tured lifestyle. A feminist would critic Godwins story by as the femaleRead MoreIn The Novel â€Å"Pride And Prejudice†, By Jane Austen, Elizabeth1306 Words   |  6 Pagespost structural challenges and the idea that women are more limited to social obligations. In Feminist criticism, the lens allows the reader to see how different races and genders are distinguished differently based on the time period and/or setting. While Pride and Prejudice is a novel about Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy’s underrated love story, by looking at it from a perspective of feminist criticism we are able to see a judgment of social obligation based on gender and understand the 18 centuryRead MoreFeminist Criticism Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe feminist theory is always adapting to new cultural and always changing. What stems from the feminism theory is feminist literary criticism â€Å"feminist criticism examines the ways in which literature (and other cult ural productions) reinforces or undermines the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women† (Critical Theory Today, 4 Feminist Criticism, pg. 79 Tyson, Louis). This theory shows us how patriarchal our society is and that’s how Susan Glaspell’s shows her work in

Human Anatomy

Lack of Proper Discipline Free Essays

They are everywhere, malls, grocery store, airports and even public places.  Running screaming as loud as they can where everyone can hear them. So that their  parents will give in to them just to keep them quiet. We will write a custom essay sample on Lack of Proper Discipline or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason why the children behaved  this way is that the children knows their rights. Parents are anxious to reprimand their  children or even punish their children in a certain way, otherwise, they will be  charged with child abuse. Innocent parents are the one being reported to the child  protected workers for spanking their children with their hands or just picking up a   squirming hard onto the child and removing them from any public places. And if the  observer assumes that that the child is making noise they think and conclude that the  parents is causing them harm, then call the protective services. Children can tell stories  that can get the sympathy of the workers just like telling a horror movie. The service  workers will entirely believe in the heartbreaking story of the children, because little  children doesn’t know how to fabricate stories and that they don’t tell a lie. Children  knows that there is a law that the parents cannot reprimand or hurt them in public places  as a result, the children will make scenes especially in public place. They are the ones  who are abusing their parents. There should be a boundary to the amount of discipline a parent can impose upon their children. Child abusers should be punished. No such parents who physically or emotionally abuse their children are allowed to raise them. However, the real problem is children abuse their rights to the point that normal caring parents do not dare to set limits in fear of losing their children. Every year, many children are temporarily removed from their homes due to mistaken reports and children telling stories   to turn innocent parents to disciplinary actions in child abuse.   This fear has led the parents to allow their children in control. Children who grew believing they can get away breaking laws as they did parental rules.  Ã‚   The society is full of discourteous people. In the past, parents reprimand their children when they misbehave implementing rules to follow and obey them. Unfortunately, during the past parents seem to discipline their children to the point that actual abuse occurred. Appropriate to this abuse, laws were created and implemented to protect the rights of the children. However, due to the laws, parents are forced not to take disciplinary actions for their children. They are not allowed to do what they ought to do in order to discipline them. There should be some focal points on this. Parents should be able to discipline their children at some points. In this generation, children know that parents are afraid to spank or scold them most especially in public places. Children take advantage of this by showing tantrums, refusing to listen to what parents say, ignoring them can be a lot of trouble also to the parents. This behavior allows the child to be in control of their parents rather than the latter. Parents are more likely to feel manipulated by this kind of behavior They do not have to listen or obey because they can get what they want.  Ã‚   The last few decades have shown a rise of disobedience along with violence among children. and adolescents. This child learns that they don’t have to listen to anyone but themselves This children will grow up into spoiled, disrespectful adults and turn into a menace of the society. They do not listen to anyone, they believe in themselves and so they will break the law just to get what they want just like when they were still little children. Before, when children are well disciplined by their parents, they were taught to respect the elders and other people, as well as the law unlike in this modern generation now. In taking away, the rights of the parents in implementing their own disciplinary actions to children, the society now is full of people that don’t care about anyone or anybody. They only think of themselves only. It is sad to know that the laws designed for the protection of the children were abused and used by the children. . This laws are good if you use it for the better and not exploit it.. While it is true that extreme and pointless punishments is rude and make children to imitate violence later, there is a focal point between the two extremes. If we look at it the other way, children will raise parents according to their manner as spoiled brats, discourteous individuals what will happen to the society? In reality, when an individual become a parent, most likely they do not want to inflict harm to their helpless child. They want to give the child the best of everything. Hence, protecting them from harm, showering them with love and affection. They want that child to grow up into a happy, healthy, well adjusted and good mannered adult. Parents should set limits, discipline and teach their children about the rules and the law. They should inculcate the young minds with the rules and train them in a nice way so that when they grow up they will not depart from it. Parents should not be afraid in doing so. There are specific guidelines in constituting abuse. It is sad to realize that the laws was designed to protect the children but there is no result on the whole society because if we cannot discipline our children when they are still young, they will be more violence in the future they always think that they are always right. This is not in general but most children go in the wrong path in the future if they don’t know what discipline is. In the early generations children were closely controlled and monitored by their parents and they were trained how to respect for their elders and other people as well as they are the rulers. There’s a big difference between children born yesterday than today. Most modern children don’t know what respect is they have their own set of laws and one of their rules is parents should follow their set of laws. They don’t even call their parents as mom and dad, they only call them by names, not only their parents but for their sisters and brothers and even their elderly. They press on their way to the front of lines even if it means stepping on all of the people in front of them. They don’t care if other peoples hurt or not as long as they know that they are content of what they doing. Captivating away the rights of parents to teach their children to be deferential to others. But new society is creating an entire group of people who do not care about the right of a parent. A society where people run over and squash each other in malls to get the last hot children’s toy in the store before Christmas. Stampedes like those who are like a scared farm animal’s leave people hurt or even dead when huge groups of people all try to enter popular events or exit buildings in a hurry. It’s so depressing to discover that laws wished-for to protect children have effectively led to an entire society who do not care about anyone but themselves. The laws were considered essential, but some people have said that violence leads to violence and therefore children should never be subjected to corporeal discipline. Research shows that although, love is the crucial basis on a child’s moral and civilized character is build, it is not enough. Parental discipline is extremely vital in helping a child to develop moral and civilized character. Work Cited Bartkowski, John P. and W. Bradford Wilcox. â€Å"Conservative Protestant Child Discipline: The Case of Parental Yelling.† Social Forces. 79.1 (2000): 265-90. Baumrind, Diana. â€Å"The Discipline Controversy Revisited.† Family Relations. 45.4 (1996): 405-14 Dowshen, Steven A., Neil Izenberg and Elizabeth R. Bass. The Kidshealth Guide for Parents: Pregnancy to Age 5. Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2002. Erlanger, Howard S. â€Å"Social Class and Corporal Punishment in Childrearing: A Reassessment.† American Sociological Review. 39.1 (1974): 68-85. Flynn, Clifton P. â€Å"Regional Differences in Attitudes toward Corporal Punishment.† Journal of Marriage and the Family. 56.2 (1994): 314-24. Giles-Sims, Jean, Murray A. Straus and David B. Sugarman. â€Å"Child, Maternal and Family Characteristics Associated with Spanking.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Family Relations. 44.2 (1985): 170-176. Herzberger, Sharon D. and Howard Tennen. â€Å"The Effect of Self-Relevance on Judgments of Moderate and Severe Disciplinary Encounters.† Journal of Marriage and the Family. 47.2 (1985): 311-18. Holden, George W., Pamela C. Miller and Susan D. Harris. â€Å"The Instrumental Side of Corporal Punishment: Parents’ Reported Practices and Outcome Expectancies.† Journal of Marriage and the Family. 61.4 (1999): 908-19. Larzelere, Robert E. and Jack A. Merenda. â€Å"The Effectiveness of Parental Discipline for Toddler Misbehavior at Different Levels of Child Distress.† Family Relations. 43.4 (1994): 480-88. Larzelere, Robert E., Paul R. Sather, William N. Schneider, David B. Larson and Patricia L. Pike. â€Å"Punishment Enhances Reasoning’s Effectiveness as a Disciplinary Response to Toddlers.† Journal of Marriage and the Family. 60.2 (1998): 388-403. Pearson, Linda Joan and L. A. Stamford. The Discipline Miracle: The Clinically Proven System for Raising Happy, Healthy and Well-behaved Kids. New York: AMACOM Books, 2006. Szalay, Lorand B., Jean Bryson Strohl and Kathleen T. Doherty. Psychological Forces in Substance Abuse Prevention. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. How to cite Lack of Proper Discipline, Essay examples

Emerging Disruptive Technologies Drone Mail Delivery

Question: Describe about the Emerging Disruptive Technologies, Drone Mail Delivery? Answer: It is a technology based mail delivery project taken by Amazon. Drones will be used to deliver products purchased from Amazon to its customers. Octocoptors will be used to drop packages on lawns of the customers. The delivery time will be only 30 minutes. The delivery will be dispatched from the nearest warehouse of Amazon. Information has been found on: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2516690/Amazon-announces-delivery-DRONE.html The technology will not create a new customer base for Amazon. Rather it will help them to expand their customer base and provide real faster and hi-tech delivery system. It is supposed to replace the old courier or postal delivery system. But it will not completely replace those systems or technologies as, drone mail delivery is not feasible for remote area deliveries. Different courier services, postal system used the services of home delivery now. They earn substantially well. But drone mail delivery will not eat up their job as, courier, postal etc. are still valid for long distance deliveries. But in future, if Amazon expands the number of warehouses and brings those close to the proximities of their customers then, courier, postal service will be replaced by drone mail delivery. There is no explicit information about the makers of the drones that will be used by Amazon. But it seems, Amazon will make those by themselves. There will be significant amount of time saved in delivery. These drones are capable of cutting down the delivery time to 30 minutes only! Customers may need to pay a little more to get such faster deliveries. The secondary industry is logistic and courier service industry that will be effected by this. If Amazon is able to provide such service by themselves then they will not hire the couriers or logistics for delivering their orders to customers. Thus these two industries that are still important part of Amazons network, will have losses. References Bates, D. (2013, December 2). Amazon announces delivery by DRONE: Online retailer claims airborne robots will bring packages to your door in 30 minutes. Retrieved from dailymail.co.uk: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2516690/Amazon-announces-delivery-DRONE.html Lavars, N. (2014, November 17). Drone delivery nets could be the mailboxes of the future. Retrieved from gizmag.com: https://www.gizmag.com/drone-delivery-nets-skynet/34809/

It is given that societies are fluid and therefore Essays - Economy

It is given that societies are fluid and therefore many an aspect of them, in this instance the IFIs will eventually become irrelevant. But like any organism self-preservation is inevitable and so hence the policies that covertly keep the poor as such. They have various mechanizations that aid in doing such, from increasing unemployment which reduces economic buying power to industrial sabotage by subsidy removal. They also have their fingers in the political field too though they feign ignorance and zero intent in meddling there . That said they do also function in a positive manner which is help ing bridge economies of different zones and institutions. They also help( ed ) many a nation develop into what they're today. However the destruction is through the following; Privatization of African economies , subsidies, S APs, loan repayment periods and methods and also political interference. According to Fischer (2001: 237), one of the IMF's main contributions to reforms is that it stands consistently for a particular approach to economic policy. Therefore, the long-run impact of the IFIs reaches beyond the immediate effects of conditions and finance. T he IMF is an intergovernmental institution established by an international treaty in 1945 to create a framework for international economic cooperation focusing on balance of payment problems and the stability of currencies. it focused and offered a way which has the following effects; (i) To promote international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems. (ii) To facilitate the ex pansion and balanced growth of international trade... (iii) To promote exchange stability... (iv) To assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments in respect of current transactions and in the elimination of foreign exchange restrictions... (v) To make the general resources of the Fund temporarily available to members for balance of payments purposes under adequate safeguards... (vi) In accordance with the above, to shorten the duration and lessen the degree of disequilibrium in the international balances of payments of members . The IMF provides policy advice and technical assistance to help countries build and maintain strong economies. The organization also makes loans and helps countries design policy programs to solve balance of payment problems. IMF loans are short and medium term and are funded mainly by the pool of quota contributions that its members provide. Each member country has a quota. The quota approximately determines a member's voting power, the amount of foreign exchange it may purchase from the IMF and its allocation of special drawing rights. As a result of third world debt crisis in the 1980s the IMF had to function as the lender of last resort and acted to avoid major economic catastrophe by providing new loans for debtor countries. The IMF has been criticized with regards to its strict conditions attached to its loans. The institution has been like a savings and loan association rather than a commercial bank. It can lend its funds but cannot create new funds in the way a bank can create deposits. As for the World Bank the following; M erged 5 different organizations namely International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) , International Development Association (IDA) , International Finance Corporation (IFC) , Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) , International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) . Therefore making it the ultimate institution to fund developmental projects for example building schools and health centres providing water and electricity etc. the World Bank makes loans for projects and as for its funding it relies on its ability to borrow in the international capital markets and contributions from members. Voting power of nations is proportionate to the capital subscriptions. The World Bank is the leading organization in the field of multi-lateral financing or investment and technical assistance. Critics for allowing politics corruption favoritism incompetent consultancy and inef ficient bureaucracy to dominate the evaluation process and financing of projects. The bank is the world's biggest source of aid to developing countries but although it has progressively increased the scope of its lending programs, it is unable to respond to the capital needs of debt-ridden third world countries. Besides the direct ,carrot-and-stick" effect of conditionality, there are

Medical Conversation and Vocabulary for Joint Pain

Medical Conversation and Vocabulary for Joint Pain Read  the following dialogue between a patient and her doctor as they discuss joint pain during an appointment. Practice the dialogue with a friend so you can feel more confident the next time you visit the doctor. A comprehension and vocabulary review quiz follow the dialogue.   Joint Pain Patient: Good morning. Doctor Smith? Doctor:  Yes, please come in. Patient: Thank you. My name is Doug Anders.​ Doctor: What have you come in for today Mr. Anders? Patient: Ive been having some pain in my joints, especially the knees. Doctor: How long have you been having the pain? Patient: Id say it started three or four months ago. Its been getting worse recently. Doctor: Are you having any other problems like weakness, fatigue or headaches? Patient: Well Ive certainly felt under the weather. Doctor: Right. How much physical activity do you get? Do you play any sports? Patient: Some. I like to play tennis about once a week. I take my dog on a walk every morning. Doctor: OK. Lets have a look. Can you point to the area where you are having pain? Patient: It hurts right here.   Doctor: Please stand up and put weight on your knees. Does this hurt? How about this?   Patient: Ouch!   Doctor: It seems you have some inflammation in your knees. However, theres nothing broken. Patient: Thats a relief! Doctor: Just take some ibuprofen or aspirin and the swelling should go down. Youll feel better after that. Patient: Thank you! Key Vocabulary joint pain (noun) the connection points of the body where two bones connect including wrists, ankles, kneesknees (noun) the connection point between your upper and lower legsweakness (noun) the opposite of strength, feeling like you have little energyfatigue (noun) overall tiredness, low energyheadache (noun) a pain in your head that is steadyto feel under the weather (verb phrase) not feel well, not feel as strong as usualphysical activity (noun) exercise of any kindto have a look (verb phrase) to check something or someoneto have pain (verb phrase) to hurt  to put your weight on something (verb phrase) put the weight of your body onto something directlyinflammation (noun) swelling  ibuprofen/aspirin (noun) common pain medicine that also helps reduce swellingswelling (noun) inflammation Check your understanding with this multiple choice comprehension quiz. Comprehension Quiz Choose the best answer to each question about the dialogue. 1. What seems to be Mr. Smiths problem?   Broken knees  Fatigue  Joint pain 2. Which joints are bothering him the most?   Elbow  Wrist  Knees 3. How long has he been having this problem?   three or four years  three or four months  three or four weeks 4. Which other problem does the patient mention?   Hes felt under the weather.  Hes been vomiting.  He doesnt mention another problem. 5. Which phrase best describes the amount of exercise the patient gets?   He works out a lot.  He gets some exercise, not a lot.  He doesnt get any exercise. 6. Whats Mr. Anders problem? He has broken his knees.He has some swelling in his knees.He has broken a joint.   Answers Joint painKneesThree or four monthsHes felt under the weather.He gets some exercise, not a lot.He has some swelling in his knees.   Vocabulary Review Fill in the gap with a word or phrase from the dialogue. Ive had a lot of  _________for more than a week. Im really tired!Are you feeling _________the weather today?Im afraid I have some _________around my eyes. What should I do?Could you please put your _________on your left foot?Take some _________and stay home for two days.Are you having any pain in your _________? Answers fatigue/weaknessunderinflammation / swellingweightaspirin/ibuprofenjoints